- Uppermost portion of cerebellum, which receives sensory information about the relative location of different body parts and anticipates movement 
- Damage results in ataxia, which causes a loss of coordination of the elgs, as well as a loss of gait and posture 
- Long term alcoholism can degrade anterior lobe of cerebellum, causing disrupted gait

Spinocerebellum

- Lowermost portion of cerebellum
- Involved in coordinating complex movements 
- Damage can cause decomposition of movements, known for stilted/ broken up/ non-smooth movements 

Cerebrocerebellum 

- In between the two other regions of the cerebellum
- Obtains information about spatial orientation of body, and supports ability to regulate posture and direct eye movement  
- Damage to this region causes a difficulty in following objects visually as the head moves, and general use of visual field (gaze)

Vestibulocerebellum 

- The cerebellum's three major subdivisions are responsible for specific functions, which can cause specific motor and (subsequent) behavioral impairments when damaged 
- These subdivisions include the spinocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum, and vestibulocerebellum

Smith College

- Movement disorders can be caused by disorders of the brain, including the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortex

Brain Disorders and Motor Impairment 

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

- Common motor impairments caused by damage to the cerebral cortex include paralysis (plegia) or weakness (paresis) of voluntary movements, which typically happen one side of the body 
- This also includes increased rigidity caused by forced movement of limbs (known as spasticity), since the cortex no longer inhibit this response
- Damage to nonmotor zones of the cortex can cause apraxia (which can be further specified by ideomotor or ideational apraxia), which creates an inability to begin/ perform complex movements even while not being in a state of paralysis/weakness

Cerebral Cortex and Motor Impairments 

- Two of the most well known diseases associated with damage to the basal ganglia include Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease 

Learn Before

Related

Learn After