- Some students may join class from computers or phones that do not have a functional camera
- The raise hand feature is not always available on phones or tablets
- Students fulfilling other essential services may not have access to laptops

Tulane University

Professors depend on visual feedback from students to determine whether or not they are comprehending the material and actively participating.

Expectations of Faculty

Neuwirth, L. S., Jović, S., & Mukherji, B. R. (2021). Reimagining higher education during and post-COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 27(2), 141–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477971420947738

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