College students who reported having only child maltreatment as an adverse childhood experience had about 2.40 times the odds of experiencing sleep difficulty (i.e., diagnosis of a sleep disorder, difficulty in handling sleep symptoms) in the past year compared to college students who reported no ACEs.

Effect of child maltreatment on college students' sleep health 

A form of maltreatment that is characterized by parent or caregiver behaviors that directly target a child (i.e., verbal, physical, or sexual abuse). 

University of Illinois at Chicago

There are two broad categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) which are:
- Child maltreatment
- Household dysfunction 

Broad Categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) 

Albers, L. D., Grigsby, T. J., Benjamin, S. M., Rogers, C. J., Unger, J. B., & Forster, M. (2022). Adverse childhood experiences and sleep difficulties among young adult college students. Journal of Sleep Research, 31(5), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13595

Adverse childhood experiences and sleep difficulties among young adult college students

Child Maltreatment 

Dysfunction that is characterized by parent or caregiver behaviors or issues that do not directly target a child, but illustrates a home environment that causes disruptions or disorder in the functioning of a family. 

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