College students who reported having only household dysfunction as an adverse childhood experience had about 1.52 times the odds of experiencing sleep difficulty (i.e., diagnosis of a sleep disorder, difficulty in handling sleep symptoms) in the past year compared to college students who reported no ACEs. 

Effect of household dysfunction on college students' sleep health 

Dysfunction that is characterized by parent or caregiver behaviors or issues that do not directly target a child, but illustrates a home environment that causes disruptions or disorder in the functioning of a family. 

University of Illinois at Chicago

There are two broad categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) which are:
- Child maltreatment
- Household dysfunction 

Broad Categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) 

Albers, L. D., Grigsby, T. J., Benjamin, S. M., Rogers, C. J., Unger, J. B., & Forster, M. (2022). Adverse childhood experiences and sleep difficulties among young adult college students. Journal of Sleep Research, 31(5), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13595

Adverse childhood experiences and sleep difficulties among young adult college students

A form of maltreatment that is characterized by parent or caregiver behaviors that directly target a child (i.e., verbal, physical, or sexual abuse). 

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