*Chlamydia trachomatis* can cause Nongonococcal urethritis. It also causes one of the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections, Chlamydia.  This bacterium can also cause an ocular disease, trachoma. The life cycle of *C. trachomatis* is shown below.

*Chlamydia trachomatis*

The *Chlamydia* genus consists of many pathogens. They spread very easily from host to host because they form elementary bodies during their life cycle. These are spore-like which allows *Chlamydia* to be metabolically inactive until they are in a host environment.

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The gram negative bacteria that are not present in the Proteobacteria phylum consist of some of these classes and genera of bacteria:
-  *Chlamidia*
- Spirochetes
- *Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides*
- Planctomycetes

Non-proteobacteria Gram Negative Bacteria

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

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Planctomycetes are a phylum of bacteria that are typically water dwelling. Unlike many bacteria, they reproduce via budding rather than binary fission. A bud separates from the mother cell. Sessile cells are immobile and contain a holdfast appendage that allows them to adhere to surfaces in the water. The sessile cells are able to reproduce.

Planctomycetes

Gram negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan. They also have an inner and outer membrane. The outer membrane contains the lipopolysaccharides which are important in gram negative bacteria being infectious. 

Gram Negative Cell Walls

Spirochete cells are longer and helical spiral bacterial cells. They are members of the Spirochaetota phylum of bacteria.

Spirochete

*Chlamydia*

This phylum contains gram-negative nonproteobacteria that are linked together because of their similarities in their DNA sequences. They are rod bacteria that are primarily living in anaerobic environments and many of which are fermenters.

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