Gram negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan. They also have an inner and outer membrane. The outer membrane contains the lipopolysaccharides which are important in gram negative bacteria being infectious. 

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Types of Bacterial Cell Walls

The gram negative bacteria that are not present in the Proteobacteria phylum consist of some of these classes and genera of bacteria:
-  *Chlamidia*
- Spirochetes
- *Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides*
- Planctomycetes

Non-proteobacteria Gram Negative Bacteria

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In gram positive bacteria, the NAM molecules of peptidoglycan are linked with tetrapaptide links. These tetrapeptide molecules are not present in gram negative bacteria. In gram positive bacteria, the peptidoglycan later is much larger compared to gram negative bacteria. They also have a layer of teichoic acid on the external side of the plasma membrane which makes the wall more rigid.

Gram Positive Cell Walls

Gram Negative Cell Walls

Planctomycetes are a phylum of bacteria that are typically water dwelling. Unlike many bacteria, they reproduce via budding rather than binary fission. A bud separates from the mother cell. Sessile cells are immobile and contain a holdfast appendage that allows them to adhere to surfaces in the water. The sessile cells are able to reproduce.

Planctomycetes

Spirochete cells are longer and helical spiral bacterial cells. They are members of the Spirochaetota phylum of bacteria.

Spirochete

The *Chlamydia* genus consists of many pathogens. They spread very easily from host to host because they form elementary bodies during their life cycle. These are spore-like which allows *Chlamydia* to be metabolically inactive until they are in a host environment.

*Chlamydia*

This phylum contains gram-negative nonproteobacteria that are linked together because of their similarities in their DNA sequences. They are rod bacteria that are primarily living in anaerobic environments and many of which are fermenters.

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