In Chapter 44 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet utilizes Christian symbols, such as the cross (صلیب) and the zunnar (زنار - a girdle worn by non-Muslims in Islamic societies), to represent the transformative and boundary-breaking nature of divine love. These items symbolize a departure from orthodox, superficial piety (represented by prayer beads and cloaks) and a willingness to embrace spiritual 'infidelity' (kufr) and public reproach for the sake of true, consuming love.