Players of American football may be at increased risk of long-term neurological conditions, particularly chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) and American Football

A protein associated with neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease.

Tau 

Also called dementia pugilistica or punch-drunk. The dementia that develops in boxers or other athletes who are subjected to repeat blows to the head.

University of Pittsburgh

Michigan State University

New York University

- Concussion
- Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
- Musculoskeletal Injuries
- Ankle Sprains
- Achilles Tendon Injuries
- Hip/Groin Injuries
- Thigh Injuries
- Foot Injuries
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears
- Upper extremity (arm, wrist, and hand) injuries

Common Sports Injuries

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Also called minor traumatic brain injury (mTBI). An injury resulting from a blow to the head and associated with temporary neurological symptoms such as memory loss or other cognitive impairments, pain, and visual disturbances.

Concussion

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

Defined as the ability to extend one's synovial joints beyond the normal range of motion; can be either symptomatic or non-specified and prevalence depends on age, ethnicity, and biological sex (Glans et al, 2021). 

*note that GJH is a descriptor, not a diagnosis and many people with GJH are asymptomatic 

Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH)

Male and Female team-sport athletes differ in rates of sports injuries in the following forms:

- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears
- Thigh Injuries
- Hip/Groin Injuries
- Foot Injuries
- Upper extremity (arm, wrist, and hand) injuries

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