Also called minor traumatic brain injury (mTBI). An injury resulting from a blow to the head and associated with temporary neurological symptoms such as memory loss or other cognitive impairments, pain, and visual disturbances.

Concussion

Also called dementia pugilistica or punch-drunk. The dementia that develops in boxers or other athletes who are subjected to repeat blows to the head.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

Defined as the ability to extend one's synovial joints beyond the normal range of motion; can be either symptomatic or non-specified and prevalence depends on age, ethnicity, and biological sex (Glans et al, 2021). 

*note that GJH is a descriptor, not a diagnosis and many people with GJH are asymptomatic 

Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH)

Male and Female team-sport athletes differ in rates of sports injuries in the following forms:

- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears
- Thigh Injuries
- Hip/Groin Injuries
- Foot Injuries
- Upper extremity (arm, wrist, and hand) injuries

Sex Differences among Common Sports Injuries

- Concussion
- Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
- Musculoskeletal Injuries
- Ankle Sprains
- Achilles Tendon Injuries
- Hip/Groin Injuries
- Thigh Injuries
- Foot Injuries
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears
- Upper extremity (arm, wrist, and hand) injuries

Michigan State University

University of Pittsburgh

New York University

- The brain regrows and reorganizes anatomically after being injured
- Rehabilitation and retraining can help recovery from brain and spinal cord injury
- Common contact sport injuries

Recovering Language Function

A science that handles sports-related of neurological injuries and conditions in athletes.

Sport(s) Neurology

Injuries caused by the overuse, direct impact, or the application of force as caused by participation in sports.

Sports Injuries

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Cognitive and/or perceptual handicaps that develop from brain impairments can be modified by training; similarly, intensive training may restore some measure of walking ability after certain spinal cord injuries.


Rehabilitation and Retraining Can Help Recovery from Brain and Spinal Cord Injury

In the months following a brain injury, people often show conspicuous improvements in behavior, as the injury site stabilizes, unaffected tissue reorganizes, and compensation occurs. The relative extent of recovery from aphasia can be predicted from several factors. 

The Brain Regrows and Reorganizes Anatomically After Being Injured

Common Sports Injuries

- Nutraceuticals
- Pharmaceuticals
- Therapy
- Exercise

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