This model describes the development and maintenance of GAD.  It consists of four components: intolerance-of-uncertainty, positive beliefs about worry, poor problem orientation, and cognitive avoidance.  In this model, intolerance of uncertainty drives the other three components and results in the development/maintenance of GAD.

Intolerance-of-uncertainty model for GAD

The suppression and avoidance of anxiety-provoking thoughts.

Grand Valley State University

Older adults tend to prefer therapy over medication in the treatment of GAD, so it's very important to investigate whether treatments like CBT are effective and feasible.  Group therapy is an efficient method of treatment, so it warrants testing for efficacy.

Group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for older adults with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Hall, J., Kellett, S., Kaur Bains, M., Stonebank, H., & Scott, S. (2020). The acceptability and feasibility of group cognitive behavioural therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 48(5), 621-625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1352465820000235

The acceptability and feasibility of group cognitive
behavioural therapy for older adults with generalised
anxiety disorder

Cognitive avoidance

Problem orientation is the way a person generally responds to a problem; sometimes this orientation is maladaptive or poor.

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