B lymphocytes, which are commonly called B cells, express surface B cell receptors for antigen immunoglobulins.  B cells are further differentiated based on which kinds of antigens they respond to and which type of antibodies they produce. There are two different types of B cells:
1. Plasma B cells
2. Memory B cells

B Lymphocytes

T lymphocytes, which are commonly called T cells, express T cell receptors (TCRs) on their surface.  These are transmembrane proteins that bind to processed antigens that are presented by antigen presenting cells (ATCs).  
There are three types of T cells, differentiated on the basis of their functions:
1. Cytotoxic T- cells
2. Helper T cells 
3. Regulatory T cells

T Lymphocytes

Natural killer (NK) cells are large mononuclear lymphocytes that target abnormal cells, including virus-infected and cancerous cells, and lack either T cell receptors (TCRs) or surface immunoglobulin (Ig). Abnormal cells do not express the normal major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Normal MHC markers prevent NK cell activation, so abnormal MHC expression by abnormal cells recruits NK cells (signals cell distress). Binding of NK cells on target cells (and detect abnormal MHC levels) also leads to activation. After activation, NK cells can employ several mechanisms for target cell destruction.

(Photo credits in References)

Natural Killer Cells

Natural Killer (NK)-T cells are lymphocytes that share the characteristics of both NK cells and T cells.  

Natural Killer T Cells

The common lymphoid progenitor matures into four mature categories of lymphocytes:

- B lymphocytes
- natural killer (NK) cells
- NK-T cells
- T lymphocytes

Michigan State University

These stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can give rise to many different types of other cells and formed elements.  Hematopoietic stem cells are found in bone marrow and notably produce:

- lymphoid progenitors 
- myeloid stem cells

(Photo credits in References)

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Chaplin, D. D. (2010). Overview of the immune response. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 125(2), S3-S23.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2923430/
doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.980

Overview of the Immune Response

Common Lymphoid Progenitors

Myeloid stem cells, also called myeloid progenitors, mature into colony form unit (CFU) cells that produce their respective mature cell, including:

- neutrophils
- monocytes
- eosinophils
- basophils
- mast cells
- megakaryocytes
- erythrocytes

Myeloid Stem Cells

CD markers stand for clusters of differentiation, these are specific antigens on cells that help to identify the cells. Most common CD markers on lymphoid and myeloid stem cells are given below:

CD markers 

Hematopoiesis Figure (Figure 17.12). Reprinted from OpenStax Microbiology (p. 701), by N. Parker, M. Shneegurt, A.-h. Thi Tu, B. M. Forester, and P. Lister, 2016, Rice University. Copyright 2016 by Rice University.

Hematopoiesis Figure

Three major types of formed elements include:

- red blood cells/erythrocytes
- platelets/thrombocytes
- white blood cells/leukocytes

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