Although recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), given its categorization and inclusion in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), it is not currently recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), given its exclusion in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). In the DSM-5, the symptoms of c-PTSD are instead grouped together within PTSD by introducing new categories and tweaking existing ones.