A diagnostic proposal that covers c-PTSD symptoms but also includes dissociative symptoms such as depersonalization and derealization that fall outside the ICD-11 emphasis.

Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS)

- DSM-V: "Associated Features Supporting (PTSD) Diagnosis"
- Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS)
- Enduring Personality Change after Catastrophic Events (EPCACE)
- Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Calvin College

Although recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), given its categorization and inclusion in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), it is not currently recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), given its exclusion in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). In the DSM-5, the symptoms of c-PTSD are instead grouped together within PTSD by introducing new categories and tweaking existing ones.

Community recognition of c-PTSD as a separate diagnostic entity from PTSD

Marinova, Z., & Maercker, A. (2015). Biological correlates of complex posttraumatic stress disorder-state of research and future directions. European journal of psychotraumatology, 6, 25913. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.25913

Biological correlates of complex posttraumatic stress disorder—state of research and future directions

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

DSM-5

Brennan, D. (2021, April 12). What is Complex PTSD? The symptoms caused by CHRONIC TRAUMA. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-to-know-complex-ptsd-symptoms. 

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