Comparison

Comparison of the Zunnar Symbolism in Sanai's and Attar's Sufi Allegories

The zunnar (girdle) is a prominent motif in Sufi poetry, utilized by both Sanai and Attar to explore the concept of spiritual sincerity, though in contrasting ways. In Sanai's Hadiqat al-Haqiqah (Section 54), a disciple's hidden zunnar symbolizes shirk-i khafi (hidden polytheism) and spiritual hypocrisy—an internal attachment that obstructs true mystical union. In contrast, Attar's Elahi-nameh depicts the revered master Bayazid Bastami voluntarily adopting the zunnar on his deathbed. Here, rather than symbolizing a hidden flaw, the girdle represents the ultimate subversion of religious pride, signifying complete humility and the deliberate shedding of the ego. Together, these allegories highlight the versatility of the zunnar as a symbol for both unacknowledged spiritual corruption and the conscious pursuit of self-effacement.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course