Elias and Paradies (2016) analyzed the burden and cost of diseases due to racial discrimination in Australia. Using nationally representative surveys, they found that approximately 22-24% of males and 19-20% of females aged 17-34 experience significant racial discrimination. Focusing on four main mental illnesses—depression, anxiety, PTSD, and psychological disorders—the study concluded that experiencing racial discrimination can account for up to a 20% increase in the prevalence of these mental illnesses.