Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is founded on three core principles:

1. Cultivating present-moment awareness: Directing attention to the current experience as it unfolds, without judgment or attachment.
2. Non-judgmental observation: Developing an attitude of curiosity and acceptance toward thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations.
3. Acceptance: Embracing experiences exactly as they are, without striving to change or judge them (Zou et al., 2016).