Concept

Cosmic Anxiety and the Divine Focal Point in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 23, Poem 34)

In Chapter 23, Poem 34 of the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar describes the celestial sphere (the wheel of heaven) as spinning anxiously out of fear. This constant motion is explained as a reaction to witnessing the focal point of the world (the divine center or the Beloved). The poem portrays cosmic entities not as indifferent or mechanical, but as conscious beings deeply moved, awed, and filled with existential dread or devotion by the majesty of the divine presence, forcing them into eternal, restless rotation.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course