Concept

Cosmic Cruelty and the Earth as a Clotted Liver in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 24, Poem 30)

In Chapter 24, Poem 30 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet explores the theme of relentless cosmic cruelty caused by the 'celestial sphere' (چرخ). The poem employs vivid and visceral imagery, describing the earth as a 'clotted liver' (جگر بسته) because it has absorbed an immense amount of humanity's 'heart's blood' (suffering and death). This metaphor highlights the continuous, inescapable cycle of suffering and the earth's function as an insatiable receptacle for weary souls.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course