Humanistic: recognizes people have the resources and ability to help themselves within Cognitive: when people's thinking is out of sync with reality, people experience emotional/psychological issues Behavioral: people engage in problematic thinking/behavior when their environment allows for it Psychoanalytic: present psychological problems stem from drives/motivations from past relationships/experiences Constructionist: knowledge is constructed as a means of understanding the world Systemic: our thinking, feelings, and behavior is shaped by pressure from social systems