Collective Intelligence in the modern age is having a big impact on how crises are seen and dealt with. Scholars are interested in how social media plays a role in the creation of collective intelligence during a crisis.  

Using Collective Intelligence in Crises

Clicktivism is a way that individuals can show support for different political and social causes through social media posts and petitions. This type of support requires little to no effort or commitment and often looked down upon because of it.

Clicktivism

1. Economic Crisis
2. Cultural/Social Crisis
3. Political Crisis
4. Natural Disasters 
5. Terrorism 
6. Pandemic or widespread disease 
7. Nuclear or Chemical Crisis
8. War 

Types of Crisis

1. Too much or not enough (needed) information
2. The types of information needed during a crisis changes at various stages of the crisis
3. All the actors and organizations who are involved are constantly increasing the amount of information 
4. Creating a channel for information to be easily shared with the right individuals
5. Creating connections between informal and formal channels 
6. Uncertainty of the reliability of the information 
7. Uncertainty of the trustworthiness of sources
8. Dealing with conflicting information 

Information Challenges during a Crisis 

1. Examing and understanding the importance of knowledge in the different stages during crisis response and recovery
2. Create a system that can analyze the information-seeking procedures and information needs during a crisis
3. Learn about how technology can support communities going through a crisis
4. Understanding how technology impacts the integration and organization of information 

Goals of the Crisis Informatics Feild

During a crisis, social media is used to spread information. Anyone can take part in the spreading of information which can be bad. Trust during a crisis is important and if individuals' social media posts are not regulated or fact-checked like those belonging to an organization or agency misinformation spreads. Rumor's and misinformation can cause panic and lead to resources being spent on false leads.

Social Media is Unregulated: Double-edge Sword 

Considered a subcategory of Sociology disaster researchers uses mainly qualitative methods to record/capture perishable data that arises in social fields (comunication/social media) during non-rotuine situations (disasters/crises).  

Disaster Studies

Crisis informatics is a field of study that looks at the way the public uses social media and information technology during a crisis. More specifically how technology connects people and organizations to relevant information and how technology is used to create new ways of communication.  

Albion College

The use of computers to store and retrieve information

Information Technology (IT)

There are elements within social media that make it compelling to use and it is a way for users to connect with people around the world without necessarily having to meet the person. Social media generates a way for users to reconnect with people from their past and haven't had the chance to interact with them in a while. 


Social Media User Experience

Büscher, M., Liegl, M., & Thomas, V. (2014). Collective Intelligence in Crises. In J.  Stewart (Ed.), Social Collective Intelligence: Combining The Powers of Humans and Machines (pp. 243–265). Springer International Publishing. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-08681-1__12

Collective Intelligence in Crises

Christine Hagar. "Crisis informatics: Introduction" Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2010): 6-10. 

Crisis informatics: Introduction

The use of technology to operate library systems such as:
- Cataloging
- Metadata
- Indexing services
- Database Management

Information Technology in Library Science

There are three distinct information revolutions:
- Print-based revolution
- Pre-digital revolution
- Digital revolution

History of Information Technology

Crisis Informatics

People join social networks to reconnect with people they knew, such as friends, family members, colleagues, and acquaintances. This allows them to keep updated with their status through pictures or posts as well as sending messages. Based on the data that was collected, users tend to use Facebook more compared to Linkedin because Facebook lets users check-in on what their circle of friends is doing while Linkedin is more of a platform for work search. The two social media platforms have different initiatives, which makes users have different usage of the platforms and how much they use it. 


Why people join social networks?

https://www.nngroup.com/reports/social-media-user-experience/
https://media.nngroup.com/media/reports/free/Social_Media_User_Experience.pdf

Social Media User Experience Reference

- Include a brief statement and summary of what you do.
- Include a URL to a relevant page or website, such as a relevant research/ a portfolio website/ Linkedin page.
- Have an eye-catching profile picture
- Profile should match the brand of the user

Profile Design

Users want to interact with other users privately. This allows for more communication between users and for them to meet new people. Through the method of messaging, users can create groups to interact with small/large groups of people or individually direct message each other. While messaging assists people to stay in contact with their friends and family, direct messaging also allows for connections and growing one's social network. 

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