People join social networks to reconnect with people they knew, such as friends, family members, colleagues, and acquaintances. This allows them to keep updated with their status through pictures or posts as well as sending messages. Based on the data that was collected, users tend to use Facebook more compared to Linkedin because Facebook lets users check-in on what their circle of friends is doing while Linkedin is more of a platform for work search. The two social media platforms have different initiatives, which makes users have different usage of the platforms and how much they use it. 


Why people join social networks?

https://www.nngroup.com/reports/social-media-user-experience/
https://media.nngroup.com/media/reports/free/Social_Media_User_Experience.pdf

Social Media User Experience Reference

- Include a brief statement and summary of what you do.
- Include a URL to a relevant page or website, such as a relevant research/ a portfolio website/ Linkedin page.
- Have an eye-catching profile picture
- Profile should match the brand of the user

Profile Design

Users want to interact with other users privately. This allows for more communication between users and for them to meet new people. Through the method of messaging, users can create groups to interact with small/large groups of people or individually direct message each other. While messaging assists people to stay in contact with their friends and family, direct messaging also allows for connections and growing one's social network. 

Messaging

Crisis informatics is a field of study that looks at the way the public uses social media and information technology during a crisis. More specifically how technology connects people and organizations to relevant information and how technology is used to create new ways of communication.  

Crisis Informatics

Clicktivism is a way that individuals can show support for different political and social causes through social media posts and petitions. This type of support requires little to no effort or commitment and often looked down upon because of it.

Clicktivism

There are elements within social media that make it compelling to use and it is a way for users to connect with people around the world without necessarily having to meet the person. Social media generates a way for users to reconnect with people from their past and haven't had the chance to interact with them in a while. 


University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Albion College

- Tooltip Guidelines
- 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design
- Visibility of System Status (Usability Heuristic #1)
- 5 Steps to creating a UX-Design Portfolio
- Complex Application Design: A 5-Layer Framework
- 8 Design Guidelines for Complex Applications
- Feature Richness and User Engagement
- Usability Heuristic #8: Aesthetic and Minimalist Design
- Social Media User Experience
- The Top Enduring Intranet-Design Mistakes: 7 Deadly Sins
- State-Switch Controls: The Infamous Case of the "Mute" Button
- Design Systems 101
- Interaction Cost
- Similarity Principle in Visual Design
- Design to Match the Medium
- Learnability vs. Efficiency in User Interface Design
- Cards: UI-Component Definition

Nielsen Norman Group Articles

Interactive, digital technologies that allow for the sharing of information, ideas, interests and other forms of expression. They typically involve:
- user generated content
- user profiles
- connecting users


Social Media

"Tooltips are user-triggered messages that provide additional information about a page element or feature. Although tooltips aren’t new to the web, they are often incorrectly implemented."

Tooltip Guidelines

These 10 general principles for interaction design, created by Jakob Nielsen, are broad rules of thumb rather than specific usability guidelines.

1. Visibility of system status
2. Match between system and the real world
3. User control and freedom
4. Consistency and standards
5. Error prevention
6. Recognition rather than recall
7. Flexibility and efficiency of use
8. Aesthetic and minimalist design
9. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors
10. Help and documentation

10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design

"Summary: A portfolio highlighting your design process and past work shows others who you are as a designer. The process of creating a UX-design portfolio allows you to reflect on your skills and achievements."

- What Hiring Managers Are Looking For
- Putting It Together
- Navigating Roadblocks

5 Steps to creating a UX-Design Portfolio

Complex applications are extremely diverse. However, they do have general issues they can face, even across different applications. These 8 guidelines can help address those general issues and improve user efficiency.   
 
1. Promote learning by doing.
2. Help users adopt more efficient methods to do their tasks.
3. Provide flexible and fluid pathways through workflows.
4. Help users track actions and thought processes.
5. Coordinate transition among multiple tools and workspaces.
6. Reduce clutter without reducing capability.
7. Ease transition between primary and secondary information.
8. Make important information visually salient.

8 Design Guidelines for Complex Applications

When designing for a complex application, designers should consider 5 layers of complexity based on context for the application's use.

- Integration
- Information
- Intention
- Environment
- Institution

Complex Application Design: A 5-Layer Framework

"Summary: The more engaged users are, the more features an application can sustain. But most users have low commitment -- especially to websites, which must focus on simplicity, rather than features."

Feature Richness and User Engagement

Summary: "No. 8 of the top 10 UX design heuristics is to remove unnecessary elements from the user interface and to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the design."

Usability Heuristic #8: Aesthetic and Minimalist Design

Social Media User Experience

Intranet tools and programs come and go, but bad UIs linger for years, impact employee productivity and morale, and ultimately increase organizational costs.

The Top Enduring Intranet-Design Mistakes: 7 Deadly Sins

Summary: "On–off controls that switch between two different system states need to clearly communicate to users both the current state and the state the system will move to, should the user press that control."
- Two Pieces of Information, Two Controls
- Two Pieces of Information, One Control
- State-Switch Control Recommendations

State-Switch Controls: The Infamous Case of the "Mute" Button

"Summary: A design system is a set of standards to manage design at scale by reducing redundancy while creating a shared language and visual consistency across different pages and channels."

Design Systems 101

"Summary: The interaction cost is the sum of efforts — mental and physical — that the users must deploy in interacting with a site in order to reach their goals."

User actions that add to interaction cost can include scrolling, reading, looking around for information, page loads, typing, and etc.

Interaction Cost

"Summary: Design elements that appear similar in some way — sharing the same color, shape, or size — are perceived as related, while elements that appear dissimilar are perceived as belonging to separate groups."

Similary Principle in Visual Design

"Avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to UX design. Consider the the strengths and weaknesses of each platform when presenting information."

For a great user experience, designers should try to take advantage of the strengths of each specific medium or platform, and do their best to overcome or avoid the weaknesses and limitations of each platform.

Design to Match the Medium

Summary: The most fundamental usability components or metrics are learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors, and satisfaction. This video focuses on two of these; learnability and efficiency. Although these two concepts. arerelated, there is an important distinction.

Learnability vs Efficiency in User Interface Design

"Summary: A "card" is a UI design pattern that groups related information in a flexible-size container visually resembling a playing card." Thus, a card can be defined as "a container for a few short, related pieces of information. It roughly resembles a playing card in size and shape, and is intended as a linked, short representation of a conceptual unit. A lot of high-profile sites such as Google (Material Design), Pinterest, or Twitter use cards."

Cards: UI-Component Definition

- Facebook
- Twitter
- Instagram
- Snapchat
- LinkdIn

Popular social medias

SNS (Social Networking Services) have broad impacts on adolescents' academic development ranging from their grades to their social connections and self-efficacy in the classroom. Implementing SNS into a class curriculum could prove to be more beneficial than harmful.

Social Networks in Academic Settings

- The Problem of Social Media Companies Business Practices with Misinformation
- How to solve the problem of social media companies encouraging misinformation

Social Media Companies and Misinformation

The results show that approval via social media can help certain kinds of narcissists lessen the distress caused from social exclusion.

Summary of article

Nash, K., Johansson, A., & Yogeeswaran, K. (2019). Social Media approval reduces emotional arousal for people high in narcissism: Electrophysiological evidence. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13, 292.

Reference for Social Media Approval Reduces Emotional Arousal for People High in Narcissism: Electrophysiological Evidence

References for the Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Adolescents and Young Adults

In today's society, teenagers are using social media excessively. In attempting to assess risks for adolescents and mental health, along with other aspects, social media has now been viewed as an underlying factor to watch out for. Despite the lack of evidence to support the claim, the relationship between social media and mental health can be connected back to adolescent and professional views. Some of the risks of using excessive social media consist of privacy concerns, cyberbullying, schooling, and mental health impacts. On the other hand, it has been argued that social media allows for expansions in networking, boosts self-esteem, promotes health, and gives more insight into medical information. Based on the amount of research done, it has been found that excessive intake of social media leads to chronic sleep loss, affecting cognitive ability, school performance, and socio-emotional functioning. To ensure that the youth and their families are being supported to decrease the amount of social media and phone use, clinicians are utilizing various skills.  

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