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Define what a participant variable is, provide two examples of such variables mentioned in the text, and state the primary reason why they must be controlled in an experiment.
Question: Define what a participant variable is, provide two examples of such variables mentioned in the text, and state the primary reason why they must be controlled in an experiment.
Sample answer: A participant variable, also known as an individual difference, is a type of extraneous variable that is derived from the pre-existing characteristics of the individuals involved in an experiment. Examples of these variables include demographic factors like gender, as well as personal attributes and habits such as diet and writing ability. They must be controlled because these individual differences are likely to have their own independent effect on the dependent variable, which could obscure the effect of the experimental manipulation.
Key points:
- Participant variables are extraneous variables derived from pre-existing characteristics of individuals (individual differences).
- Examples include demographic factors like gender, and personal habits or attributes like diet and writing ability.
- These variables can have an independent effect on the dependent variable.
- They must be controlled to prevent them from obscuring the effect of the experimental manipulation.
Rubric: A full-credit response accurately defines the term as an extraneous variable derived from pre-existing characteristics, lists two valid examples from the provided text, and explains the necessity of control.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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