Exploratory Analysis

Planned Analysis Example

Which of the following best describes a planned analysis in psychological research?

If a researcher calculates a Pearson's $r$ to test a correlation that they explicitly anticipated in their original hypothesis, they are conducting a planned analysis.

A researcher is applying the concept of a planned analysis to evaluate a new study technique. Arrange the following steps of their research process in the correct chronological order.

A research team is organizing the results of their study on student well-being. Match each research action to its correct classification based on the concept of a planned analysis.

A researcher predicts that students who take handwritten notes will outperform those who type ($d = 0.4$). After the results show no significant difference, the researcher notices that students who used colored pens performed significantly better and runs a test on that specific variable. When evaluating the researcher's methodology, a critic would conclude that the test on colored pens cannot be correctly classified as a(n) ________ analysis because it was not based on the researcher's original hypothesis.

In psychological research, a statistical test conducted to evaluate a specific relationship or difference that was expected in the researcher's original hypothesis is known as a(n) ________ analysis.

A researcher predicts that students who study with music will have higher test scores than those who study in silence. Which of the following actions best illustrates the use of a planned analysis to evaluate this prediction?

A researcher hypothesizes that students who study using active recall will perform better on an exam than students who reread their notes. To evaluate this expected difference, they calculate the mean exam scores for both conditions and compute Cohen's $d$. True or False: Conducting this specific calculation is an example of a planned analysis.

A research team wants to analyze the alignment of their statistics with their study's design. Match each statistical task or concept to the description that correctly details its role in a planned analysis.

A psychologist is designing a study and wants to ensure their workflow correctly executes and evaluates a planned analysis. Order the steps of the research process from the initial setup to the final evaluation of the hypothesis.

Define what a planned analysis is in the context of psychological research, and provide two specific statistical examples of planned analyses.

Based on the concept of a planned analysis, explain why the psychologist's calculation of Cohen's $d$ qualifies as a planned analysis in this scenario.

A cognitive researcher hypothesizes that there is a positive correlation between hours of sleep and memory recall scores. Briefly state what statistical test the researcher should calculate as their planned analysis to evaluate this specific anticipated relationship.