The Challenge of Smoothing Consumption Against Unexpected Shocks

Idiosyncratic Shock

Systemic Shock

Income Path in a Model of Anticipated Income Increase

Income Path in a Model of Anticipated Income Decrease

The Objective of Macroeconomic Stabilization Policy

Consequences of Unstabilized Economic Shocks

Economic Equilibrium and its Self-Correcting Nature

Analyzing an Economic Event

A country unexpectedly discovers vast offshore oil reserves, leading to a significant, unanticipated increase in national wealth and a boom in related industries. Which of the following statements best analyzes why this event is classified as an economic shock?

A government's pre-announced plan to increase the national sales tax by 2%, scheduled to take effect in one year, is an example of a negative economic shock.

Match each economic event to its correct classification based on whether it represents an economic shock.

Defining an Economic Shock

Which of the following economic events would not be classified as an economic shock?

Analyzing Economic Events

A national government announces a new infrastructure spending plan that will be phased in over the next five years. In the same year, a sudden and severe drought devastates the country's agricultural sector, causing widespread crop failures and a sharp rise in food prices. Which statement best analyzes these events?

Analyzing Economic Disruptions in a Dependent Economy

For an economic event to be classified as a 'shock', its most essential characteristic is that it must be __________, meaning it was not anticipated by economic agents.