- Higher delayed discounting when willing to decline greater rewards available in the near future; preference for smaller awards available immediately
- Relationship to executive function - neurotypical= lower delayed discounting - easier to wait for larger rewards for the near future 
- ADHD: higher delayed discounting - impulse control is hard  

Measurement of Delayed Discounting 

- These tasks make it easier to notice and identify executive functioning differences 
- Process leading to an informed choice 
- In the delayed discounting tasks, the individual makes choices - either pursues a small but faster reward or a larger but delayed reward 

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- As humans, smaller and quicker rewards are more desirable than rewards that will take longer to achieve.
- Example: Chunking a project into smaller goals rather than cramming your workload 

Delayed Discounting

Fabio, R. A., Bianco, M., Caprì, T., Marino, F., Ruta, L., Vagni, D., & Pioggia, G. (2020). Working memory and decision making in children with ADHD: An analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm. BMC Psychiatry, 20(272). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02677-y



Fabio et al., 2020

Delayed Discounting Tasks 

Small units (i.e. words, actions) can be grouped together based on associations to form larger units that are easy to remember.

Chunking

- Temporal Discounting - subjective value of a reward decreases when the delivery of the reward is delayed
- Temporal Discounting tends to be higher in girls with ADHD

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