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Denial of Free Will and Divine Decree in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 21, Poem 31)
In this poem (Chapter 21, Poem 31), Attar explicitly denies human free will (اختیار - ekhtiyar), asserting that our coming into existence, our departure, and our very being are not governed by our own choices. Instead, every task and reckoning is entirely dependent on the Divine decree and wisdom. This reinforces the core theological theme of absolute determinism and complete human helplessness before God's will.
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Updated 2026-07-04
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course