It is important to differentiate Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from intellectual disability, as they are not the same condition. Although the two disorders are often comorbid, meaning they can occur in the same individual, the DSM-5 specifies that the core symptoms of ASD are not caused by or better explained by an intellectual disability.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

-AANE, the Association for Autism and Neurodiversity
-The Arc of Massachusetts 
-Community Autism Resources 
-Easterseals Massachusetts 
-Doug Flutie Jr. Foundation for Autism
-Disability scoop
-Autism speaks 
-Autism commision - Rehabilitation Commission - rehabilitation counseling 
-Advocates, Inc./Autism Alliance of Metrowest
-Northeast Arc/The Autism Support Center (children and families)
-Northeast Arc/Adult Autism Support Center (adult 18+ and families)
-The Arc of Bristol County

Extra out of state resources: 
-Autism Research Institute 

Reference: 
Resources for families — autism | Mass.gov

Autism Resources

* Brain disorder 
* Problems with communication and behaviors.
*Cognitive delay in some cases 
* Dual diagnosis with ASD- examples: ADHD, anxiety and depression.
* Social interaction in group settings needs improvement all stages of life. 
* Community involvement is a must such as participating in social groups, events or even volunteering opportunities. 
* Cognitive behavioral therapy and ABA services for self-regulation or behavioral issues.
* Conversation issues in groups.
* Stemming
* Sensory overload
* Behavior therapy 
* Communicating wants and needs issues.
* Activities of Daily Living assistance based on independency.
* Fine and sensory motor skills in group settings or individual settings. 
*  Nonverbal autism individual - they use American Sign Language (ASL) or augmentative communication device (AAC) or assistive technology to communicate.

Autism definition/causes 

Assistive Technology in Action Video :

According to the CDC's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, an estimated 1 in 59 children in the United States is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The disorder shows a significant gender disparity, being four times more prevalent in boys (1 in 38) compared to girls (1 in 152).

Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Despite extensive research, the precise causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have not been identified. However, current evidence strongly suggests that the disorder's development is influenced by a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental factors.

Factors Contributing to the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Distinguishing Autism Spectrum Disorder from Intellectual Disability

The term 'spectrum' in Autism Spectrum Disorder highlights that the condition manifests in a wide range of symptoms that differ in type, magnitude, and severity among individuals. This means that while some people with the disorder may have severe impairments, others experience less severe symptoms.

Concept of 'Spectrum' in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Genetic factors are considered to play a significant role in the development of autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, exposure to environmental pollutants, such as mercury, has been identified as a potential contributing factor.

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