These are the simplest carbohydrates or simple sugars. Monosaccharides are the main building blocks of complex carbohydrates and they are classified by the number of carbons in the molecule. 

Monosaccharides

A disaccharide is where 2 monosaccharide molecules chemically bond through a covalent connection which is also known as a glycosidic bond.

 Disaccharides

This is a type of carbohydrate  chain that consists of 3-10 monosaccharides. 

Oligosaccharides

Polysaccharides are carbohydrates that are made up of long chains of monosaccharides which could be different kinds. The chain may contain branches. Polysaccharides play important structural and storage roles in cells.

Polysaccharides (glycans)

Carbohydrates can be categorized into four pertinent groups:
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- oligosaccharides
- polysaccharides

University of Southern Mississippi

Carbohydrates are macromolecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio C:2H:0.  

Carbohydrates

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

- Once you break down these amino acids, you get a group of metabolites that are formed
- 7 Carbon skeleton metabolites: pyruvate, acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, Fumarate, Oxaloacetate
- Anabolic precursors
- Energy production
> Glucose

> Acetyl CoA

> TCA Cycle intermediates

- Liver likes to break down carbon skeletons
> We can use catabolism to yield energy

> Can be used as Anabolic precursors 

> Available for ketone body generation or made into glucose

> Some are ketogenic, glucogenic, or both (ketone bodies or glucose)


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