1. All-Encompassing Divine Destiny and Creation of Deeds

Jami asserts that all occurrences in the world, whether good or evil, are determined by divine destiny (Qadar). Furthermore, he explicitly states that all human deeds, whether righteous or wicked, are created by God. This aligns with the traditional Ash'arite doctrine that God is the sole creator of all actions, and humans acquire (kasb) them.

2. The Distinction Between Divine Decree (Qada) and Divine Pleasure (Rida)

To address the theological challenge of how evil deeds can be destined by God without Him approving of them, Jami introduces a crucial theological distinction. While both good and bad occur by divine decree (Qada), good actions are aligned with divine pleasure (Rida), whereas evil actions occur against His pleasure. This distinction allows the preservation of absolute divine sovereignty without attributing moral endorsement of evil to God.

3. Absolute Sovereignty, Justice, and Grace

Jami emphasizes t...