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Divine Determinism and the Metaphor of the Playing Piece in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 21, Poem 27)
In Chapter 21, Poem 27 of the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar employs the metaphor of a playing piece (مهره) in a game to illustrate divine determinism and the limitation of human free will. The poem suggests that despite the illusion of human agency and one's efforts to move the pieces of life, the ultimate control lies with a higher power, as the pieces "bear the mark of another's piece." This imagery emphasizes the soul's subjection to the divine will and the futility of independent action.
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Updated 2026-07-04
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course