The materials and procedures in this research study included:
- The Raven Standard Progressive Matrices, Nonverbal Intellectual Ability
- Word and Psuedoword Reading Test
- The Visual Short-Term Memory Task
- ZAERKI-R, Verbal Memory Tasks
- The Forward Digit Span
- The Backward Digit Span

Oakland University

A research study was conducted on Arabic-speaking children with diagnosed dyslexia and their verbal and visual memory skills. Specifically, verbal and visual short-term memory and verbal working memory were assessed. 

Dyslexia Compared to Verbal and Visual Memory Skills in Children

Layes, S. (2022). Verbal and visual memory skills in children with dyslexia and dyscalculia. Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, 15(3), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1037/pne0000289 

Verbal and visual memory skills in children with dyslexia and dyscalculia

The participant sample in this research study included:
- a total of 64 fourth grade children who speak Arabic
- 37 of the children were typically developing readers
- 27 of the children had developmental dyslexia

Dyslexia Compared to Verbal and Visual Memory Skills in Children Participant Sample

Dyslexia Compared to Verbal and Visual Memory Skills in Children Materials and Procedures

Findings from this study include:
- children with dyslexia scored lower than typically developing children in verbal and visual memory tasks
- this study suggests that dyslexic children may struggle with skills that require verbal information to be recalled from memory
- confirmation of verbal and visual short-term memory in those with dyslexia
- dyslexic children may have trouble with visual-verbal associations

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