In Lyons, Merola, and Reifler's (2021) study, providing baseline statistics did not change estimates of overall fake-news consumption. It did, however, make participants more likely to perceive consumption as increasing and heightened their concern. Providing the percentage of Americans exposed to fake news in 2016 reduced support for publicly funded media-literacy programs. The study also found group-centric differences in estimates of other groups' fake-news consumption.