The increased pieces of misinformation can increase the chance that an individual may be led to believe the misinformation they received afterwards rather than their own account. 

Multiple Misinformation: Multiple Chances

After receiving multiple pieces of misinformation, the individual may revisit and recall their actual experience and thus choose to believe in none of the misinformation presented. 

Multiple misinformation: Neutralization 

New York University

The idea that memory reports become contaminated with information coming from sources other than the original

Memory Misinformation Effect

Blank, H., Panday, A., Edwards, R., Skopicz-Radkiewicz, E., Gibson, V., & Reddy, V. (2022). Double misinformation: Effects on eyewitness remembering. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 11(1), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.08.001

Double misinformation: Effects on eyewitness remembering.

·Reduce the memory’s accuracy of that individual of the actual event 

·Possibility of changing details in an individual's memory. 


Effects of Single Piece of Misinformation on Memory

Effects of the Presence of Multiple Piece of Misinformation on Memory

Retroactive interference occurs when information learned more recently obstructs the recall of older, previously learned information. This phenomenon is also considered a potential explanation for the misinformation effect.

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