Short Answer

Efficiency and the Initial Allocation of Rights

Consider a situation with a negative externality, such as a chemical plant polluting a river used by a downstream fishery. According to the economic theory that private bargaining can resolve such issues, explain why the final level of pollution can be economically efficient regardless of whether the law initially grants the 'right to pollute' to the plant or the 'right to clean water' to the fishery. Assume the parties can negotiate with each other without cost.

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Updated 2025-07-30

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