Applying nociceptive stimuli using a needle cathode to the intra-epidermal layer of the skin. The suprathreshold should be identified for each individual participant, and the perceived intensity of stimuli should be recorded.

Intra-epidermal Electrical Stimulation (IES)

ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the ventral intraprietal suclus (VIP) shows different activation of tactile and visual receptive fields (RFs). This has been tested in monkeys and humans.

EEG stimulation during temporal order judgement tasks

Grinnell College

How to test interactions between vision and pain

Ways to use Electroencephalogram in research

Filbrich, L., Halicka, M., Alamia A. & Legrain, V. (2018). Investigating the spatial charaacteristics of the crossmodal interactions between nociception and vision using gaze direction. Conciousness and Cognition, 57. 106-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.11.011

Investigating the spatial characteristics of the crossmodal interactions between nociception and vision using gaze direction

These test perception of stimuli in relation to time. They generally present pairs of stimuli with time dealys between them. Participants will report which stimuli was perceived first. Researchers are able to change the attentional bias to give advantage to one of the two stimuli. When attentional bias is affected, the perception of a stimuli's arrival time (the one with attention) can be affected to percieve that stimuli as occuring earlier than it actually did in relation to the paired stimuli.

Temporal Order Judgement (TOJ) tasks

elecrophysiological studies testing vision and pain interactions

Participants recieve a pain stimuli and a visual stimuli while their hand (right or left) is placed in the middle of the visual stimuli sections. The painful stimuli will happen to both hands regardless, the only difference is where the target is looking and if they see the visual stimuli (right hand up, looking to the right vs left hand up, looking to the right).

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