These test perception of stimuli in relation to time. They generally present pairs of stimuli with time dealys between them. Participants will report which stimuli was perceived first. Researchers are able to change the attentional bias to give advantage to one of the two stimuli. When attentional bias is affected, the perception of a stimuli's arrival time (the one with attention) can be affected to percieve that stimuli as occuring earlier than it actually did in relation to the paired stimuli.

Temporal Order Judgement (TOJ) tasks

ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the ventral intraprietal suclus (VIP) shows different activation of tactile and visual receptive fields (RFs). This has been tested in monkeys and humans.

EEG stimulation during temporal order judgement tasks

elecrophysiological studies testing vision and pain interactions

Participants recieve a pain stimuli and a visual stimuli while their hand (right or left) is placed in the middle of the visual stimuli sections. The painful stimuli will happen to both hands regardless, the only difference is where the target is looking and if they see the visual stimuli (right hand up, looking to the right vs left hand up, looking to the right).

Temporal order judgement tasks testing pain and vision

Grinnell College

There are crossmodal interactions between somatic stimuli and visual stimuli. Studies in humans have found that there is a privilaged interaction between the two, and that stimuli selectively activate the nervous system involved in transmitting sensory events that could inflict damage to the body. Visual information allows for recognition of stimuli in an external space to give prior warning or multiple avenues to gather information about pain.

Pain and Visual information

This is the ability ofvisual stimuli to affect perception of pain stimuli based ont he closeness of the visual stimulus to the limb or location of pain stimuli. There is a bias to the side with visual information, which makes painful stimuli from that area be percieved sooner than the side without visual stimuli. This suggests that peripersonal frame assists in localizing painful stimuli based on information from visual stimuli.

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