Research by Buser & Peter (2012) comparing task-scheduling conditions in a controlled experiment found three key results: (1) multitasking significantly reduces performance relative to sequential execution, with task-switching costs — such as recalling prior context — outweighing any fresh-perspective benefit; (2) workers given full autonomy over when and how often to switch performed only marginally better than those forced to switch at unpredictable intervals, and both groups performed significantly worse than those assigned a sequential schedule, suggesting self-selected multitasking schedules do not confer a meaningful advantage; (3) there is no statistically significant gender difference in task productivity under multitasking conditions, though men voluntarily switch tasks more frequently than women.