Case Study

Evaluating Economic Stimulus Policies

A country is experiencing an economic downturn. To boost consumer spending, policymakers are debating two different fiscal stimulus plans of equal annual value to the average household:

  • Plan X: A one-time, lump-sum payment of $1,200 is sent to every household.
  • Plan Y: A permanent change to the tax code that increases the average household's take-home pay by $100 every month.

Based on the principle that households plan their spending over the long term and prefer to avoid sharp changes in their standard of living, analyze which of these two plans is likely to cause a larger immediate increase in aggregate consumer spending. Explain your reasoning.

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Updated 2025-09-19

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