Evaluating the 'Great Divergence'
A historian claims: 'The dramatic increase in global inequality over the past 250 years is not primarily because some countries got poorer, but because a few countries began to get rich at vastly different times.' Evaluate this statement, explaining how the historical pattern of sustained economic growth supports or refutes this claim.
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An economic historian compares two countries. Country A began a period of rapid, sustained improvement in average living standards around 1870. Country B experienced a similar pattern of rapid growth, but its takeoff did not begin until 1990. Based on these different starting points for sustained growth, what is the most direct and significant consequence for the world today?
Match each country or region to the historical period that best describes when its economy began a sustained, rapid increase in living standards (its economic 'takeoff').
Interpreting Historical Growth Trajectories
Evaluating the 'Great Divergence'
Explaining the Great Divergence
The historical pattern of a long period of economic stagnation followed by rapid, sustained growth in living standards occurred at approximately the same time for all countries.
The graph below shows three stylized long-run economic growth paths for three different countries, labeled A, B, and C. Each path shows a long period of stagnation followed by a sharp upturn in living standards.
[Image of a graph with 'Time' on the x-axis and 'Living Standards' on the y-axis.
- Path A shows a slow, gradual upturn starting relatively early.
- Path B shows a sharp upturn starting later than A.
- Path C shows a very sharp upturn starting much later than A and B.]
Based on historical patterns, which option correctly identifies the countries represented by these paths?
Critique of a Statement on Global Economic Growth
An economic historian is studying two regions. From 1700 to 1900, Region A experienced a significant and sustained increase in average living standards. During this same period, Region B, once a major economic power, saw its average living standards stagnate and even decline. What is the most likely relationship between these two phenomena?
An economic advisor argues that for a developing country to achieve rapid growth, it must precisely replicate the economic model of Britain during its initial takeoff period. Based on the historical record of long-run growth, which statement provides the most direct refutation of this 'one-size-fits-all' approach?
Evaluating the 'Great Divergence'