Britain's Early and Gradual 'Hockey Stick' Kink

Japan's Sharp 'Hockey Stick' Kink around 1870

Delayed or Absent 'Hockey Stick' Growth in Some Countries

Hans Rosling's Video on Divergent National Progress in Health and Wealth

Impact of Resisting Foreign Intervention on Economic Growth: Japan vs. Britain (1600-1975)

Variability of Success in Capitalist Economies

Insufficiency of a Single Model for Explaining 'Hockey Stick' Growth

Germany's Industrialization Strategy: Role of Government and Banks

Japan's Industrial Revolution

Decline in Living Standards in China and India During Europe's Industrialization

Delayed Economic Growth in China and India Until Post-Colonial Independence

An economic historian compares two countries. Country A began a period of rapid, sustained improvement in average living standards around 1870. Country B experienced a similar pattern of rapid growth, but its takeoff did not begin until 1990. Based on these different starting points for sustained growth, what is the most direct and significant consequence for the world today?

Match each country or region to the historical period that best describes when its economy began a sustained, rapid increase in living standards (its economic 'takeoff').

Interpreting Historical Growth Trajectories

Evaluating the 'Great Divergence'

Explaining the Great Divergence

The historical pattern of a long period of economic stagnation followed by rapid, sustained growth in living standards occurred at approximately the same time for all countries.

The graph below shows three stylized long-run economic growth paths for three different countries, labeled A, B, and C. Each path shows a long period of stagnation followed by a sharp upturn in living standards.

[Image of a graph with 'Time' on the x-axis and 'Living Standards' on the y-axis.

• Path A shows a slow, gradual upturn starting relatively early.
• Path B shows a sharp upturn starting later than A.
• Path C shows a very sharp upturn starting much later than A and B.]

Based on historical patterns, which option correctly identifies the countries represented by these paths?

Critique of a Statement on Global Economic Growth

An economic historian is studying two regions. From 1700 to 1900, Region A experienced a significant and sustained increase in average living standards. During this same period, Region B, once a major economic power, saw its average living standards stagnate and even decline. What is the most likely relationship between these two phenomena?

An economic advisor argues that for a developing country to achieve rapid growth, it must precisely replicate the economic model of Britain during its initial takeoff period. Based on the historical record of long-run growth, which statement provides the most direct refutation of this 'one-size-fits-all' approach?

Evaluating the 'Great Divergence'