Case Study

Evaluating the Impact of a Per-Unit Tax on a Heterogeneous Market

Consider a competitive market for a specific good supplied by two types of firms. There are 20 'Low-Cost' firms, each with a production capacity of 100 units at a constant marginal cost of $10 per unit. There are also 15 'High-Cost' firms, each with a capacity of 80 units at a constant marginal cost of $14 per unit. The current market price is stable at $15. The government imposes a new $2 per-unit tax on all producers. Assuming the market price paid by consumers remains at $15 in the immediate short-term, which group of firms will be more severely impacted by the tax, and what production decision should they make? Justify your answer.

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Updated 2025-09-27

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