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Case Study

Evaluating Training Error as a Measure of Bias

Case context: A machine learning engineer trains a neural network on a very large training dataset and obtains a training set error rate of 15%.

Question: Based on the informal definition in Machine Learning Yearning, what concept does this 15% training error rate represent, and how does the size of the training dataset support this classification?

Sample answer: The 15% error rate represents the algorithm's bias. Under the informal definition, bias is defined as the error rate on the training set. Since the training set is very large, the training error rate is a rough representation of the algorithm's bias.

Key points:

  • The 15% error rate on the training set represents the algorithm's bias.
  • Bias is roughly the error rate on the training set when that set is very large.

Rubric: The response must identify the 15% training error rate as representing bias under the informal definition, and specify that a very large training set is required for this training error to represent bias.

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Updated 2026-05-26

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