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Example of Proximity: Dot Arrangements
An example illustrating the principle of proximity uses two arrangements of thirty-six dots. The first arrangement (a) shows the dots in a grid of six evenly spaced rows and columns, where they are perceived as a single group. The second arrangement (b) shows the same dots in six rows, but with the columns grouped into three sets of two. In this case, the dots are perceived as three distinct groups because of the closer proximity of the dots within each set.
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Ch.5 Sensation and Perception - Psychology @ OpenStax
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Example of Proximity: Dot Arrangements
Proximity in Reading and Text Perception
A user interface designer is creating a form for users to enter their contact information. To ensure users can easily tell which label (e.g., 'Full Name') belongs to which input box, the designer must arrange the elements effectively. Based on the perceptual principle that objects positioned near each other are seen as a group, which of the following design choices would be the most effective for preventing user confusion?