People in crowds typically observe the actions of those around them and adjust their own behavior accordingly. For instance, individuals attending an academic lecture generally remain quiet and attentive, matching the subdued demeanor of the audience. Conversely, attendees at a rock concert may engage in dancing, singing, or crowd surfing, mirroring the energetic and expressive behavior of the surrounding crowd.

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Conformity refers to a change in behavior to match the actions or responses of others in order to “fit in," despite not necessarily agreeing with the actions of others.

Conformity

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

When encountering a new or unexpected in-group
 norm, individuals will shift their political views in the direction of conformity with
 the majority

In-Group Conformity 

Informational social influence occurs when individuals conform because they believe the group is competent and possesses accurate information. This type of influence is particularly strong in ambiguous situations where the correct course of action is unclear and individuals rely on the group for guidance.

Informational Social Influence

The Asch effect describes the phenomenon where a group majority's opinion influences an individual's judgment.

Asch Effect

Normative social influence drives individuals to conform with group norms in order to fit in, feel good, and gain acceptance. This type of conformity is motivated by a desire for social approval and to avoid ridicule, rather than a belief that the group's actions are necessarily correct.

Normative Social Influence

Groupthink is the modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In group situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of thought. This elimination of diverse opinions contributes to faulty decision by the group.

Groupthink

Social loafing is a psychological phenomenon characterized by a reduction in individual effort and output when working on tasks where contributions are pooled within a group. This is in contrast to the level of effort an individual would typically exert when working alone.

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