Example

Example: Performing Independent Matrix Row Operations

Consider the augmented matrix:

[652321453311]\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c} 6 & -5 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & 1 & -4 & 5 \\ 3 & -3 & 1 & -1 \end{array} \right]

We can perform various row operations independently to manipulate this matrix:

  • Interchanging rows: Swapping row 22 and row 33 yields: [652333112145]\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c} 6 & -5 & 2 & 3 \\ 3 & -3 & 1 & -1 \\ 2 & 1 & -4 & 5 \end{array} \right]

  • Multiplying a row by a constant: Multiplying row 22 by 55 (denoted 5R25R_2) yields: [652310520253311]\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c} 6 & -5 & 2 & 3 \\ 10 & 5 & -20 & 25 \\ 3 & -3 & 1 & -1 \end{array} \right]

  • Adding a multiple of one row to another: Multiplying row 33 by 2-2 and adding it to row 11 (denoted 2R3+R1-2R_3 + R_1) yields: [010521453311]\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c} 0 & 1 & 0 & 5 \\ 2 & 1 & -4 & 5 \\ 3 & -3 & 1 & -1 \end{array} \right]

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Updated 2026-06-21

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