Measures the valence and arousal components of affect using non-verbal scales. Composes of figures whose face slightly changes to represent each emotion.

Self-Assessment Manikin

Contains examples of Non-Verbal Questionnaires used in Emotion Studies:
- Self-Assessment Manikin

Alma College

Non-verbal formats in studying emotions are used when pictures represent feeling states instead of words.

Non-Verbal Formats

Niedenthal, P. M., & Ric, F. (2017). Psychology of Emotion (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.

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