- The first row has faces that change incrementally from unhappy to sad.
- Second row measures how calm or excited we are.
- Third row measures how much control we feel we have (little versus a lot).

Example of Self-Assessment Manikin

Measures the valence and arousal components of affect using non-verbal scales. Composes of figures whose face slightly changes to represent each emotion.

Alma College

Contains examples of Non-Verbal Questionnaires used in Emotion Studies:
- Self-Assessment Manikin

Examples of Non-Verbal Formats in Emotions Research

Niedenthal, P. M., & Ric, F. (2017). Psychology of Emotion (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.

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