Vital signs, which are used to measure the body’s basic functions, may be changed due to a diseased state. These indicators include:
- body temperature (normally 37 °C [98.6 °F])
- heart rate (normally 60–100 beats per minute)
- breathing rate (normally 12–18 breaths per minute)
- and blood pressure (normally between 90/60 and 120/80 mm Hg).  

Austin Community College

Signs of disease are objective and measurable, and can be directly observed by a clinician.

Signs of Disease

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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