Vital signs, which are used to measure the body’s basic functions, may be changed due to a diseased state. These indicators include:
- body temperature (normally 37 °C [98.6 °F])
- heart rate (normally 60–100 beats per minute)
- breathing rate (normally 12–18 breaths per minute)
- and blood pressure (normally between 90/60 and 120/80 mm Hg).  

Examples of Signs of a Disease

Signs of disease are objective and measurable, and can be directly observed by a clinician.

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A disease is any condition in which the normal structure or function of the body is damaged or impaired.

Disease

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used in clinical settings to classify diseases and track morbidity (the number of cases of a disease) and mortality (the number of deaths due to a disease) rates.

Classifications of Disease

The five phases of disease are:
- Incubation
- Prodromal
- Illness
- Decline
- Convalescence

Phases of Disease

Signs of Disease

Symptoms of disease are subjective. They are felt  by the patient, but they cannot be clinically confirmed or objectively measured by a clinician.

Symptoms of Disease

- Skin & Eye
- Respiratory System 
- Urogenital System 
- Digestive System 
- Circulatory System
- Lymphatic System
- Nervous System
- Immune System

Body Systems Affected by Disease

Psychosomatic disorders are physical illnesses that are thought to arise from emotional or mental stressors, rather than direct physical causes. These conditions demonstrate how psychological factors can significantly influence physical health, often manifesting as pain, fatigue, or other somatic symptoms without an identifiable medical explanation.

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