Essay

Explaining Changes in Income Distribution

A country's economic data over the last decade reveals that the share of total national output paid to workers has declined, while the share retained by firm owners as profit has increased. During this period, two significant trends were observed: (1) a weakening of collective bargaining institutions for employees, and (2) a reduction in competitive pressures in the goods market, allowing firms to charge higher prices relative to their costs. Based on a macroeconomic framework that models the interaction between wage demands and firms' pricing decisions, explain the mechanism through which both of these trends contributed to the observed shift in income distribution.

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Updated 2025-09-15

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